The structure of the rough ER is also closely related to the presence of cytoskeletal elements, particularly microtubules. In addition to ribosomes, these membranes contain an important protein complex called a translocon, which is necessary for protein translation in the rough ER. The rough endoplasmic reticulum consists primarily of leaves, a two-dimensional array of flattened sacs that run the length of the cytoplasm. The emergency room can be morphologically divided into two structures: cisterns and leaves. Structure of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The lumen of the rough ER is adjacent to the perinuclear space and the membranes of the rough ER are connected to the outer nuclear membrane.
The rough ER can also be identified by its morphology: it often consists of tortuous, flattened sac-like structures that arise near the nucleus.
Some proteins are also synthesized from ribosome chains called polysomes. These ribosomes look like studs and distinguish the organelle from the smooth sections of the ER. Rough ER is characterized by the presence of membrane-bound ribosomes, which give it a distinctive appearance under the microscope.
The rough ER is also involved in the cell’s response to unfolded proteins and plays a role in the induction of apoptosis due to its close interaction with mitochondria. This organelle is mainly concerned with the synthesis, folding, and modification of proteins, especially those that have to be delivered to different organelles within the cell or secreted by the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER rough) is part of the cell’s endomembrane system and a subset of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).